Final answer:
Argus symbolizes the decline of Odysseus's household and the disorder in Ithaca during his absence, highlighting the need for his return and restoration of order.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the excerpt from The Odyssey, the character Argus functions as a symbol. Argus, who was once a vibrant and loyal hound, now lies in neglect, symbolizing the decline of Odysseus's household and the disarray that has befallen Ithaca in his absence. This imagery evokes a sense of decay and foretells the need for rejuvenation, which Odysseus's return promises.
The neglected state of Argus amidst the dung outside the gates parallels the state of Odysseus's kingdom, where suitors squander his wealth and disrespect his family. Thus, Argus's condition represents not only the passage of time but also the deterioration of the social order and the urgent need for the restoration of proper leadership and justice.