Question

Put this in to your own words will give branlyist pls help

Before the American Civil War, eight serving presidents had owned slaves, almost four million black people remained enslaved in the South, generally only white men with property could vote, and the Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites.

Following the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed, including the 13th Amendment (1865) that ended slavery; the 14th Amendment (1869) that gave black people citizenship,

From 1890 to 1908, southern states passed new constitutions and laws to disenfranchise African Americans and many Poor Whites by creating barriers to voter registration; voting rolls were dramatically reduced as blacks and poor whites were forced out of electoral politics.

During the same time as African Americans were being disenfranchised, white southerners imposed racial segregation by law. Violence against blacks increased, with numerous lynchings through the turn of the century.

The situation for blacks outside the South was somewhat better (in most states they could vote and have their children educated, though they still faced discrimination in housing and jobs).

Overall, blacks in Northern and Western cities experienced systemic discrimination in a plethora of aspects of life. Within employment, economic opportunities for blacks were routed to the lowest status and restrictive in potential mobility.
After both World Wars, black veterans of the military pressed for full civil rights and often led activist movements. In 1948, President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981, which ended segregation in the military.

The strategy of public education, legislative lobbying, and litigation that had typified the civil rights movement during the first half of the 20th century broadened after Brown to a strategy that emphasized "direct action": boycotts, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, marches or walks, and similar tactics that relied on mass mobilization, nonviolent resistance, standing in line, and, at times, civil disobedience.

In the spring of 1951, black students in Virginia protested their unequal status in the state's segregated educational system. Students at Moton High School protested the overcrowded conditions and failing facility.

On May 18, 1954, Greensboro, North Carolina, became the first city in the South to publicly announce that it would abide by the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education ruling.

Blacks in Mississippi had been disfranchised by statutory and constitutional changes since the late 19th century. In 1963 COFO held a Freedom Ballot in Mississippi to demonstrate the desire of black Mississippians to vote. More than 80,000 people registered and voted in the mock election, which pitted an integrated slate of candidates from the "Freedom Party" against the official state Democratic Party candidates.

Answer 1

The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited the United States citizenship to white people, and eight presidents in office had owned slaves prior to the American Civil War. Nearly four million black people were still held in slavery in the South.

Three constitutional amendments were passed after the Civil War, including the 13th Amendment (1865), which abolished slavery, the 14th Amendment (1869), which granted citizenship to persons of color, and

Southern states passed new constitutions and laws between 1890 and 1908 in an effort to deny voting rights to African Americans and many Poor Whites. As a result, the number of people who could vote was drastically reduced.

At the same time as African Americans were losing their right to vote, white southerners enacted laws requiring racial segregation. Through the turn of the century, there were numerous lynchings and a rise in violence against black people.

Outside of the South, black people's circumstances were marginally better (in most states they could vote and send their children to school, even if they still faced discrimination in housing and employment).

Overall, systemic discrimination against blacks was prevalent in Northern and Western cities and affected many facets of daily life. Black people's economic chances in the workforce were restricted in their prospective mobility and funneled to the lowest status.

Black military veterans after both World Wars fought for full civil rights and frequently served as the movement's leaders. Executive Order 9981, signed by President Harry Truman in 1948, outlawed segregation.

After Brown, the civil rights movement's defining tactics of public education, legislative lobbying, and litigation were expanded to include "direct action" tactics like boycotts, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, marches or walks, and other methods that rely on crowdsourcing, nonviolent resistance, standing in line, and, occasionally, civil disobedience.

Black students in Virginia protested the state's segregated school system in the spring of 1951 over their unfair treatment. Students at Moton High School demonstrated against the overcrowding and outdated infrastructure.

The first Southern community to openly declare its adherence to the Brown v. Board of Education decision was Greensboro, North Carolina, on May 18, 1954.

Since the late 19th century, statutory and constitutional reforms in Mississippi have deprived Blacks of their right to vote. In order to show that black Mississippians wanted to vote, COFO organized a Freedom Ballot in that state in 1963. In the fake election, which put an integrated slate of candidates from the "Freedom Party" against the actual state Democratic Party candidates, more over 80,000 people registered to vote.