Final answer:
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape and leading to reduced oxygen perfusion. It is particularly prevalent in individuals of African descent.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of an abnormal type of hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S. This abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to assume a sickle or crescent shape, especially under low oxygen concentrations. These sickle-shaped cells can get stuck in narrow blood vessels, leading to reduced oxygen perfusion and a variety of serious health problems. Sickle cell anemia is particularly found in individuals of African descent.