Ocean sediment core provides a climate record of the past 70 million years.
1880 is the reliable global record which we can say the climate began. Proxies(climate) helps the scientists to determine the climatic patterns even before starting record-keeping.
Some examples of proxies are sub-fossil pollen, lake and ocean sediments, tree rings, and ice cores. Climatic of the time influenced the growth rate of proxies material. It is from proxies where we can recover quantities of particular isotopes from climatic changes.
The combination of proxies can produce temperature reconstruction which is longer the instrumental temperature.