Final answer:
Speakers use a working outline to draft and continually revise their speeches, with the process being recursive in nature, allowing for constant improvement of content and delivery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Speakers usually use a working outline as a rough draft they revisit and revise continually throughout the preparation of their speeches. A working outline serves as a dynamic framework allowing the speaker to organize major claims, supporting details, and evidence while maintaining a natural flow of ideas to engage the audience effectively. As part of the recursive nature of speech writing, the outline undergoes multiple revisions, where a speaker may go back and forth between planning, drafting, and revising stages to improve content and delivery.
Furthermore, crafting a speaking outline involves a process of recursive writing, where drafting is not linear but involves continuous changes as new ideas emerge and organization improves through brainstorming, peer review, and practice of the speech. The process of outlining, therefore, not only aids in the initial organization of thoughts but also in the refinement of the speech to better appeal to the audience's intelligence and sympathies.