Final answer:
Conflict theorists believe social life is a competition between those with and without power and resources, with the powerful maintaining their status through social structures and the labeling of threatening behaviors as deviant.
Step-by-step explanation:
Conflict theorists believe that social life is a struggle between those who possess power and resources and those who do not. This perspective posits that social structures reflect and perpetuate inequalities as powerful groups maintain their status through the control of resources and institutions. It's understood that the ruling class labels behavior that threatens their power as deviant to maintain their position. Hence, the correct answer to the student's question is d. all of the above.