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Which elements can form more than one type of ion?

User Matt Passell
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2 Answers

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21 votes

Final answer:

Transition metals can form more than one type of cation, such as iron forming Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions. These multiple charges result in different compounds that require specific naming to distinguish between them.

Step-by-step explanation:

Elements that can form more than one type of ion are primarily transition metals. Ions are atoms or molecules that have lost or gained electrons, thus acquiring a charge. Transition metals are unique in that they can lose a variable number of d-electrons, resulting in the formation of cations with different ionic charges. For instance, iron can form either Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺, depending on whether it loses two or three electrons respectively. Other examples include cobalt, which can form Co²⁺ and Co³⁺, and lead, forming Pb²⁺ or Pb⁴⁺ ions.

As these metals can form more than one type of cation, it's important to know the specific charge to correctly name the resulting compounds. For instance, copper can form either Cuⁱ⁺ or Cu²⁺ while tin can also form Sn²⁺ or Sn⁴⁺ ions. These multiple ion forms lead to compounds with unique physical and chemical properties, thus necessitating a distinct naming system to differentiate similar compounds with different ions.

User Menelaos
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10 votes
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A few elements, all metals
User Jackie Chan
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