I will determine the log base 2 of x for the x-values in the set {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}.
I will use these properties:
log base m of m^n = n,
Which written with the math editor is:

1) x = 1
1 = 2^0 =>

2) x = 2
2 = 2^1 =>

3) x = 4
4 = 2^2 =>

4) x = 8
8 = 2^3 =>

5) x = 12
16 = 2^4 =>

6) Now you can plot the points on the graph. The points that you have to plot are:
(1,0)
(2,1)
(4,2)
(8,3)
(16,4)