Question

WORLD HISTORY Unit 2 Reading Guide

Name:
Directions: Using your textbook complete the following. Write in complete sentence
TOPIC 3-FEUDAL EUROPE, CHAPTERS 5, 6 AND ON
EXPLANATION
KEY TERM
Dark Ages/Middle
Ages/Medieval Era
(p. 54)
Charlemagne (p. 54)
Magna Carta (p. 68)
Habeas Corpus (p.
69)
Battle of Crecy (p.
71-72)
Joan of Arc (p. 72)
Justinian (p. 77)
Eastern Orthodox
Church (p. 78)
500 CE
750 CE
MIDDLE AGES TIMELINE
1000 CE
DIRECTIONS: Add the following events to the timeline in the correc
Rome (476 CE), Muhammad is born (570 CE), Charlemagne begins
Magna Carta (1215 CE), 100 Years War (1337-1453 CE), Black Plagu
Sails (1492)

Answer 1

Previewing Main Ideas In western Europe, the Roman Empire had broken into many small kingdoms. During the Middle Ages, Charlemagne and Otto the Great tried to revive the idea of empire. Both allied with the Church. Geography Study the maps. What were the six major kingdoms in western Europe about A.D. 500? Weak rulers and the decline of central authority led to a feudal system in which local lords with large estates assumed power. This led to struggles over power with the Church. Geography Study the time line and the map. The ruler of what kingdom was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III? During the Middle Ages, the Church was a unifying force. It shaped people’s beliefs and guided their daily lives. Most Europeans at this time shared a common bond of faith. Geography Find Rome, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, on the map. In what kingdom was it located after the fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476

Invasions of Western Europe In the fifth century, Germanic invaders overran the western half of the Roman Empire (see map on page 351). Repeated invasions and constant warfare caused a series of changes that altered the economy, government, and culture: • Disruption of Trade Merchants faced invasions from both land and sea. Their businesses collapsed. The breakdown of trade destroyed Europe’s cities as economic centers. Money became scarce. • Downfall of Cities With the fall of the Roman Empire, cities were abandoned as centers of administration. • Population Shifts As Roman centers of trade and government collapsed, nobles retreated to the rural areas. Roman cities were left without strong leadership. Other city dwellers also fled to the countryside, where they grew their own food. The population of western Europe became mostly rural. The Decline of Learning The Germanic invaders who stormed Rome could not read or write. Among Romans themselves, the level of learning sank sharply as more and more families left for rural areas. Few people except priests and other church officials were literate. Knowledge of Greek, long important in Roman culture, was almost lost. Few people could read Greek works of literature, science, and philosophy. The Germanic tribes, though, had a rich oral tradition of songs and legends. But they had no written language. Loss of a Common Language As German-speaking peoples mixed with the Roman population, Latin changed. While it was still an official language, it was no longer understood. Different dialects developed as new words and phrases became part of everyday speech. By the 800s, French, Spanish, and other Roman-based languages had evolved from Latin. The development of various languages mirrored the continued breakup of a once-unified empire.

Answer 2

1st:The Migration Period was a historical period sometimes called the Dark Ages, Late Antiquity, or the Early Middle Ages. The period lasted from the fall of Rome to about the year 1000, with a brief hiatus during the flowering of the Carolingian court established by Charlemagne.Major Events: Migration period

Location: Europe

2nd: Charlemagne or Charles the Great, a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Emperor of the Romans from 800. Wikipedia

Died: January 28, 814 AD, Aachen, Germany

Children: Louis the Pious, Pepin the Hunchback, Charles the Younger, Pepin of Italy, Lothair, more

Spouse: Luitgard (m. 794 AD–800 AD), Fastrada (m. 783 AD–794 AD), more

Grandchildren: Charles the Bald, Lothair I, Louis the German, Bernard of Italy, Nithard, more

Siblings: Carloman I, Chrothais, Adelais, Gisela, Abbess of Chelles, Bertha, Pepin

Parents: Pepin the Short, Bertrada of Laon

Nephews: Eribo Graf von Orleans, Pepin, Adrian

3rd:The Magna Carta (“Great Charter”) is a document guaranteeing English political liberties that was drafted at Runnymede, a meadow by the River Thames, and signed by King John on June 15, 1215, under pressure from his rebellious barons.

4th:The "Great Writ" of habeas corpus is a fundamental right in the Constitution that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment. Translated from Latin it means "show me the body." Habeas corpus has historically been an important instrument to safeguard individual freedom against arbitrary executive power.

5thThe Battle of Crécy took place on 26 August 1346 in northern France between a French army commanded by King Philip VI and an English army led by King Edward III.

Date: August 26, 1346

Combatants: France.

Location: Crécy-en-Ponthieu, Calais

6th:Joan of Arc is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronation of Charles VII of France during the Hundred Years' War. Born: Domrémy-la-Pucelle, France

Died: May 30, 1431, Rouen, France

Full name: Jeanne d'Arc

Nationality: French

7th:Justinian I, also known as Justinian the Great, was Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or "restoration of the Empire". This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire.

Born: May 11, 482 AD, Tauresium, North Macedonia

Died: November 14, 565 AD, Constantinople

Spouse: Theodora (m. 525 AD–548 AD)

Parents: Sabbatius, Vigilantia Sabbatius

Nephews: Justin II, Marcellus

Uncle: Justin I

8th:The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via local synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the head of the Roman Catholic Church—the Pope—but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognized by them as primus inter pares ("first among equals") and regarded as the spiritual leader of many of the eastern Christian parishes. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. The Eastern Orthodox Church officially calls itself the Orthodox Catholic Church.

9th:The 5th century is the time period from 401 (CDI) through 500 (D) Anno Domini (AD) or Common Era (CE) in the Julian calendar. The 5th century is noted for being a period of migration and political instability throughout Eurasia.

10th:Year 750 (DCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 750 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.