Answer is: mass of phosphorus is 37,16 grams.
m(C) = 36 g.
n(C) = m(C) ÷ M(C).
n(C) = 36 g ÷ 12 g/mol.
n(C) = 3 mol.
From balanced chemical reaction: n(C) : n(P) = 5 : 2.
n(P) = 2 · 3 mol ÷ 5.
n(P) = 1,2 mol.
m(P) = 1,2 mol · 30,97 g/mol.
m(P) = 37,16 g.