This passage is not an example of direct characterization, because at no point does it say "Mr Utterson was judging Jekyll" or "Mr Utterson, a spiritual man, thought about Jekyll", etc. We can see indirectly that he is judgmental and spiritual, but not directly.
C is the best answer here, the reader sees through Mr Utterson's thought process that he is concerned about Jekyll. We can also see that they are (or at least were) friends because Utterson has known Jekyll for a long time. We can also see that he is concerned because he uses the phrase "Poor Henry Jekyll" and "my mind misgives me" which shows that his mind is worrying.