The correct answer is heliocentrism.
Heliocentrism is an astronomical model which defines the distribution of the Solar System as a group of planets which orbit around the Sun, which is the central star of the system.
Although it had been previously proposed by Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC, his ideas attracted not much attention at those. However, in the Reinassance era, the heliocentric system was presented by Copernicus and gave rise to the known as Copernican Revolution. His theory contradicted previous geocentric ones that located the Earth as the center of the Solar System.