Question

"what are the most basic units or structures of conscious thought?" this is a question that would most likely be of interest to a follower of:

Answer 1

A follower of structuralism would most likely be interested in such a question.
A researcher who wants to break down conscious thought into the most basic units is interested in the structure of conscious thought - they want to know what constitutes thought, what it is made of. This is something that structuralists study.