The correct answer for 1 is C)The Korean War
The Vietnam war happened in the sixties and early seventies while the intervention in Afghanistan happened in the seventies when Soviets entered Afghanistan. The Korean war led to increased military spending because it was in the fifties and was led by both the United States army and the United Nations who helped.
The correct answer for 2 is C) Because many Americans died in these wars
Unlike later wars where the military was about professionalism and voluntary participation, wars in Korea and Vietnam were when a lot of American people died because they would draft common people and send them to those wars which resulted in numerous deaths of American citizens who were forced to become soldiers.
The correct answer for 3 is A) Most of the fighting in the Vietnam War took place in South Vietnam.
Over 55 thousand people died in South Vietnam while only over a 1000 died in the North. Fighting took place in the South because the North attacked south and when they tried to push back up north and take north, they failed. This led to the United States leaving the war and the northern communist regime taking south and uniting it in a communist country.
The correct answer for 4 is B) The rise of democracies in most of Latin America
Democracies didn't rise all over Latin America, as a matter of fact there were many places in the area where there were totalitarian regimes. Vietnam and Korea being united and divided, respectively, was an effect of proxy wars. Korea was a war where it ended with a stalemate and an ante-bellum state, while Vietnam was a loss for US and the entire country became communist.
The correct answer for 5 is B) The American invasion plot was a total failure.
The Bay of Pigs was a response to communists under Castro getting political power and taking the government away from the pro-american people. The Bay of Pigs invasion was supposed to be a coup in which they would bring their people back but it failed miserably and only reinforced the position of Castro as the leader.
The correct answer for 6 is B) Popular opinion turned against South African apartheid.
South African government was predominantly white and they introduced the policies of Apartheid which were meant to disenfranchise the local African population. These policies were heavily disliked by the public community and they started introducing sanctions in order to stop them. US had to back off because of these reasons too.
The correct answer for 7 is B) series of transitional governments
When the Afghan war began, the United States started supporting anti-soviet troops with logistics and training and supplies like weapons and resources in order to stop the Soviets. When the soviets left, there were no stable governments anywhere and Afghanistan had numerous problems with its transition period.
The correct answer for 8 is D) the American policy of containment
Soviets didn't want a war with the United States and Americans were not trying to get colonies. Domino theory was proposed by the United States and the policy of containment was about preventing communism from spreading.Proxy wars were led in countries where there were civil wars regarding communism and anti-communism sides.