Answer to Problem 27 is choice D) (x,y) --> (x+3, y-5)
Answer to Problem 28 is choice A) collinear
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Explanation for problem 27: Focus on point G. Notice how we shift it 4 units to the right and then 5 units down. So that's why the rule is (x,y) --> (x+3, y-5)
Explanation for problem 28: The term "collinear" means all points fall on the same line. Or put another way, its possible to draw a single straight line through all the points. The term "co" means "share" and "linear" means "line". So "collinear" translates to "sharing the same line". One axiom is that two points are always collinear no matter how you place them. Any more than 2, its not always guaranteed.