Answer:
d. NSA; exile in the US and asylum in Russia
Step-by-step explanation:
Edward Snowden is a former employee and contractor of the Central Intelligence Agency (mostly referred to as CIA). He didn't liked lot of things that were going on behind closed doors, so he decided to publish some of the highly classified information from the National Security Agency, thus becoming a so called whistle-blower. The US officials got very angry because of this and they wanted to capture, charge, and imprison him, and still do. Snowden though already made his escape plan, though it was highly risky considering that he chose Russia as his destination for seeking asylum. Luckily for him, Russia accepted granted him asylum and protected him and still does from the US.