Final answer:
During the Renaissance, artists started creating realistic human forms and landscapes based on direct observation. This is called realism.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Renaissance, artists like Masaccio and Giotto began to create human forms and landscapes that were based on direct observation, not formulas.
This is called realism. In their paintings, artists aimed to depict the world as they saw it, using techniques like perspective to create a sense of depth and three-dimensionality.