For 1 multiply both sides by 3 which gives you 3y-y=12. Then combine like terms 2y=12. Lastly divide both sides by 2 and you get y=6. And for 3 first multiply both sides by 4 which gives you 6y-32=y+8. After that combine like terms 6y-y-32=8. Now add the equation together 5y=40 and then divide by 5 and get y=8