Question

Part a plants grow in two very different ways. each type of growth is accomplished by specific types of cells, in specific areas of the plant, and for specific purposes. drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. terms may be used once, more than once, or not at all. resethelp

Answer 1

1. The right answer is Primary Growth.

2. The right answer is Secondary Growth.

3. The right answer is Secondary Growth + Lateral meristems.

4. The right answer is Primary Growth + Apical meristems.

5. The right answer is Vascular cambium.

Primary growth:

Primary growth can be described in various ways depending on how long it takes and how it is expressed over time. It can be described as definite or indefinite, continuous or rhythmic.

The primary growth of a stem is the result of two mechanisms:

organogenesis occurs at the apex of a stem. It is in the terminal meristem that new elements of the stem or metamers are initiated. There is also talk of terminal growth or apical growth.

elongation: is the directly observable manifestation of primary growth. It is essentially the result of cell lengthening. We also talk about internodal growth.

Secondary growth:

Secondary growth, also called cambial growth, is the result of the operation of a particular meristematic structure (cambium) that sets up secondary anatomical structures or formations along the stems that make up the plant structure. It allows the growth in thickness and thus the increase in diameters of the stems.

Apical and lateral meristem:

Meristem is a different type of tissue found in areas of plants where growth will take place. The word Meristem is derived from the Greek word "merizen" which means "divide" and the word meristem was coined by Karl Wilhelm von Nageli. The meristem is the plant tissue that contains undifferentiated cells, also called meristematic cells. There are two types of meristematic tissues, namely the primary meristem and the secondary meristem.

The primary or apical meristem is the tissue from which the main stem of a plant originates, while the lateral meristem is the one whose plant develops laterally. The apical meristem is also called the growing tip and is found in growing buds and growing roots. The lateral meristems are placed in such a way that they surround the apical meristem and thus always cause lateral growth. The lateral meristem helps the plants to increase in width and increase their diameter. Apical meristems are very small compared to the large lateral meristem. Apical meristems are responsible for the primary growth of plant stems and roots and therefore will help increase the length and height of the plant.

Vascular cambium

The cambium (from the Latin cambiare, change), called "second bark" or "inner bark", is a thin layer of secondary meristematic cells that are undifferentiated cells that can all be divided. This meristematic tissue is located between wood (or secondary xylem) and liber (or secondary phloem). Cambium is the fabric that is responsible for the formation of wood ("radial growth"), seasonal in cold and temperate climate, and more regular in the equatorial zone.

Answer 2

1. Primary growth is the method by which roots and shoots are elongated in all vascular plants.
Contrary to animals, plants exhibit indeterminate growth, meaning that under ideal conditions and presence of resources, plants grow and add new organs continuously. Plants have two distinct types of growth: the primary and secondary growth. Primary growth is achieved through cell division and results in the elongation of the plant both above ground and below ground. Therefore, primary growth involves cell division at the tips of roots and shoots resulting in their elongation.

2. Primary growth is accomplished by two cylinders of dividing cells called apical meristems.
Plants' indeterminate growth is achieved through specialized tissues which have continuous cellular division and growth and are called meristems. Apical meristems are found at the tips of roots and shoots and are responsible for the elongation of the plant's roots and shoots. Therefore, apical meristems are the main tissue responsible for primary growth.

3. Secondary growth is accomplished by groups of undifferentiated cells at the tips of the roots and shoots called lateral meristems.
Apart from primary growth, some plants also exhibit secondary growth, which involves the increase in the width and thickness of the plant. Secondary growth is achieved through lateral meristems, which are groups of undifferentiated cells with high cell division activity. The difference is that these cells grow outward, resulting in the widening of the plant.

4. The majority of growth in width is due to increases in the number of cells added by the vascular cambium.
Lateral meristems are also called cambiums, a term referring to growth through the addition of tissue layers. There are two cambiums which are critical to secondary growth: vascular and cork cambium. Vascular cambium forms vascular tissue attributing to the plant's support and transport of water and nutrients. The cells of the vascular cambium divide and produce the secondary xylem and phloem. This causes a growth in width.

5. Cork is the method by which woody plants grow in thickness.
As explained above, secondary growth is achieved through two cambiums (cork and vascular cambium). In woody plants, cork cambium produces tough and thickened cork cells which participate in the increase of the plant's thickness. In addition, cork cells protect and insulate the plant. More specifically, cork cells protect from pathogens, insects and incidents of fire and reduce water loss.