Question

PLEASE HELP

7. Guppies living in a stream have a variety of spot patterns, some of which provide good camouflage against the stones in the streambed and others of which make them stand out against the background, allowing potential mates to see them more easily. If a predator that hunted by sight were introduced to the stream, what would be the most likely long-term consequence for the guppy population? (2 points)

a) The number of guppies in the population would decline, although most of the remaining ones would be uncamouflaged.
b) The guppy population would devise a mutation that allowed the camouflaged guppies to find mates by scent or sound.
c) The guppy population would die out since none of the guppies would be able to find mates.
d) The number of camouflaged guppies in the population would increase while the number of successful matings decreased.

8. The following observations have been made about moose living in the northeastern forests of the United States.

1. Male moose grow very broad antlers each year and lose them after the mating season in autumn.
2. Large, heavy antlers can make escaping predators in a forest difficult if the trees grow closely together or if the underbrush is thick.
3. Female moose do not develop antlers.
4. Female moose raise their calves alone without the assistance of males.

What is the most likely inference that can be drawn from these observations?

a) Having antlers makes the males grow bigger so they can better compete for food in the fall.
b) Antlers make a male moose more likely to attract a mate and pass on the gene for antlers.
c) Male moose spend all their excess energy growing antlers and cannot help raise offspring.
d) Male moose without antlers are more attractive to females because they can escape predators.

9. Using your knowledge of hominid evolution, which of the following correctly associates the given brain capacities with the hominid species in the table in order from smallest to largest?

Species Time period

(millions of years ago) Tool use
A. afarensis 3.6−2.8 Possible tool use
A. africanus 3.0−2.4 Possible tool use
H. habilis 2−1.5 Simple stone tools
H. neanderthalensis 0.13−0.035 Complex stone tools

a) H. neanderthalensis, H. habilis, A. africanus, A. afarensis
b) A. afarensis, A. africanus, H. habilis, H. neanderthalensis
c) A. afarensis, A. africanus, H. neanderthalensis, H. habilis
d) H. habilis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, H. neanderthalensis

10. Hominid hind limbs became longer and stronger than their front limbs over time. Also, the largest toe on the hind limbs became smaller and closer to the other toes. Which of the following best explains the reason for this general trend in hominid evolution that occurred over millions of years? (2 points)

a) As hominids evolved, their grasping abilities increased, improving their climbing abilities.
b) As hominids evolved, their brain size increased and their overall height decreased.
c) Hominids evolved to walk upright on their hind limbs, reducing the need for opposable toes.
d) Hominids evolved to arboreal lifestyles in order to increase access to food sources.

11. A scientist makes a claim that two hominid species have a common evolutionary ancestor. Which of the following must happen to ensure this claim can be considered valid? (2 points)


a) The scientist's hypothesis must be reviewed and revised.
b) Funding for research must be obtained to conduct experimental trials.
c) Experiments must be conducted to determine where the species' fossils can be found.
d) Scientific evidence must be found, verified, and accepted by the scientific community.

12. An anthropologist compares the remains of Homo neaderthalensis to earlier hominid species, like Homo habilis, and to the contemporary and later species Homo sapiens. He believes that Homo neanderthalensis were the first hominids to bury their dead. What would make this conclusion incorrect?


a) Finding a fossil of Homo habilis beneath fossils of Homo neanderthalensis
b)Finding fossils of Homo neanderthalensis skeletons in isolation
c)Finding burial sites of modern Homo sapiens in the same region as Homo neanderthalensis fossils
d)Finding burial sites of Homo habilis on different continents

Answer 1

7. I believe that the correct answer is D. The number of camouflaged guppies in the population would increase while the number of successful mating decreased. This is because the predators will feed on all visible guppies living behind the camouflaging guppies, thus the number of camouflaged guppies will increase in an effort to keep themselves away from predators and the trait is passed to the off springs so as to be more adaptable to the environment.

8. I think the answer is B. Antlers make male moose more likely to attract a mate and pass on the genes for antlers to newborns. The antlers may also be used; as communication tools, to assert dominance over other males and to fight with others. Additionally when the moose feel threatened they lower their heads and points the antlers at the source of danger as a warning. These adaptable characteristics help them survive, defend themselves from other animals, and also play a vital role in reproduction and thus all the traits are passed to the off springs.

9. I believe the correct answer is B, A. afarensis, A. africanus, H. habilis, H. neanderthalensis. Starting with A. afarensis (smallest brain size) there is a continuous increases in both absolute and relative brain size with every successful period of time. This is attributed to the activities and tools developed by each stage of evolution. There are many hypothesis attributed to cause a spectacular growth in the brain, e.g. human needed larger brain to develop the precise motor skills, memory and planning activity required to make tools, develop the greater memory capacity that would make it easier to locate the animals they used to hunt, assimilate and follow the complex rules of their societies.

10. I think the answer is C, Hominids evolved to walk upright on their hind limbs, reducing the need for opposable toes. One of the earliest defining traits in human was bipedalism, the ability to walk upright on two legs which evolved over four million years ago. Others include the ability to make and use tools and large, complex brain and the capacity for language and culture among others.

11. I think the answer is D,the scientific evidence must be found, verified and accepted by the scientific community. A scientific evidence serves to support or counter a scientific theory. The evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretation in accordance to scientific methods. In addition, scientific evidence relies on data or information, and is therefore important for researchers to guarantee that the collected data is representative of the real situation. It also entails using appropriate methods to collect and analyze data while ensuring that the research is conducted ethically and safely. The data, results and conclusions are then presented in form of a scientific report, which is then studies by other scientists to ascertain the validity of the whole evidence.

12. I believe the answer is C, by finding burial sites of modern H.sapiens in the same region as H. neanderthalensis fossils. This is because Neanderthals are closest to homo sapiens with several defining features of their skulls which include large middle part of the face, angled cheeks, and huge nose for humidifying and warming cold, dry air. They also practiced sophisticated and symbolic behavior unlike other primates before, just like homo sapiens which included; living in shelters, making sophisticated tools, making and wearing clothes among others.