Question

What is a major difference in the way that Caliban and Ariel are treated?

Answer 1

Although both are enslaved by Prospero. Prospero's treatment to Caliban is petty and vengeful because he's thought of as a monster while to Ariel he is defensively autocratic.
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Answer 2

APEX Prospero forces Caliban to do physical labor, while he has Ariel perform magic for him.