Overtime, Supreme Court cases have played a vital role in granting more individual rights to the citizen through history. If you go back to the late 19th century, cases such as Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court upheld that separate but equal facilities should exist for African Americans. In 1954 case Brown vs. The Board of Education, the ruling was that "separate but equal" facilities are not entirely equal and should be abolished to create integrated facilities. Also in 1954, Hernandez vs. Texas ruled that discrimination should not exist for not just African Americans but all ethnic groups as well. In Miranda vs. Arizona (1966), ruling was that suspects have must be told of their constitutional rights and privileges during questioning. In 1973, the landmark case Roe vs. Wade, the court granted women the right for abortions. In 1974, Lau vs. Nichols stated that failing to meet the language needs of nonnative English students is an infringement of their educational rights. In 2005 case Roper vs. Simmons, the ruling was that the death penalty for underage criminal offenses (below 18 years old. is unconstitutional. In 2015, Obergefell vs. Hodges, the court issues same sex marriage legalized across the United States. There has been a gradual trend in court cases that resulted in granting more civil and individual rights for the citizen in comparison to the state.