Final answer:
The most common type of cartilage described is hyaline cartilage, which is smooth, contains fine collagen fibers, and composes both the fetal skeleton and the ends of long bones. It is important for reducing joint friction and providing flexibility, but can become stiff if damaged and replaced by fibrocartilage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common type of cartilage mentioned in the question is hyaline cartilage. It is characterized by fine, short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance, which results in a smooth, glassy appearance under the microscope. Hyaline cartilage forms the template of the embryonic skeleton and is found at the ends of long bones, often referred to as articular cartilage, where it helps to reduce friction and cushion joints. This type of cartilage is also present in other parts of the body, including the rib cage and nose.
Hyaline cartilage is both strong and flexible, which is why it is utilized in parts of the body that require both support and the ability to withstand some level of compressive forces. As we age or due to trauma, hyaline cartilage can become damaged and may be replaced by fibrocartilage, which is less flexible and can cause stiffness in the joints.