Question

what were some of the strange and unexpected things that scientists discovered when they analyzed the human genome? (the video)

Answer 1

The analysis of the human genome brought unexpected insights, such as fewer genes than predicted, a large amount of non-coding DNA with complex roles, and significant genetic overlap with other species, including almost 99% with chimpanzees and shared heritage with Neanderthals.

Step-by-step explanation:

Unexpected Discoveries from Human Genome Analysis

One of the surprising outcomes of the Human Genome Project was the discovery that human DNA contains fewer genes than initially expected, with an estimate of over 20,000 genes rather than the tens of thousands previously theorized. Another unexpected finding was how much of our genome is made up of non-coding DNA, often referred to as "junk" DNA, which plays a more complex role than first thought. Moreover, it was revealed that humans share a significant amount of genetic material with other organisms. For instance, around 99% of our genome is similar to that of chimpanzees. Additionally, scientists observed the presence of structural domains shared across different proteins with diverse functions, illustrating our evolutionary connections to other species.

Regarding the sequencing approach, the Human Genome Project did not rely on the DNA from a single person because there is significant variation in the human population, and a composite approach was necessary to capture the breadth of human genetic diversity. Sequencing multiple genomes allows for a more accurate and representative understanding of the human genetic code.

Comparative genome analysis has also shed light on our relationship with Neanderthals, as Neanderthal genome research has shown our species interbred with Neanderthals, and many modern humans carry Neanderthal DNA.

Answer 2

Before the completion of the Human Genome Project, it took few years before the well-known forecasts stated that humans had at least 100,000 genes. But latest Human Genome Project evaluates lowered number to a more timid range of 20,000 to 25,000. It has helped to narrow the range of feasible genes and to separate certain candidates as supplying to particular diseases. Scientists have also re-evaluated past conclusions, such as the idea that genes are self-restrained, detached pieces of DNA with defined character. They now know that some genes that tasks simultaneously can make more than one protein; where in fact the average gene might make three proteins. Also, genes will be visible to grab genetic code from other DNA parts