Final answer:
The major turning points of the modern era include the Industrial Revolution, the Enlightenment, and World War I. These changes had lasting effects on society, politics, and economies around the world.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major turning points or "game changers" of the modern era include:
- The Industrial Revolution: This period brought significant advancements in technology, transportation, and communication, leading to the mechanization of industry and the rise of urbanization.
- The Enlightenment: This intellectual movement challenged traditional beliefs and advocated for reason, individualism, and progress.
- World War I: This global conflict led to the downfall of empires, the redrawing of national borders, and the emergence of new ideologies and political systems.
These changes had far-reaching effects on human history. The Industrial Revolution transformed societies and economies, driving urbanization, mass production, and the rise of the middle class. The Enlightenment laid the foundation for democratic ideals and human rights, shaping political systems around the world. World War I set the stage for major geopolitical shifts, including the rise of the United States as a global power and the eventual collapse of colonialism.