Final answer:
A neutron and a proton are both nucleons with approximately the same mass, about 1 amu, but they differ in charge; the proton is positively charged, while the neutron has no charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Protons and neutrons, known collectively as nucleons, are the components of an atom's nucleus and have several similarities and differences. Both have approximately the same mass, which is about 1.67 × 10-24 grams, or 1 atomic mass unit (amu). However, they significantly differ in their electric charge. A proton carries a positive charge, with a relative charge of +1. On the other hand, a neutron is electrically neutral, which means it has no charge. In terms of location within an atom, both protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, and neither is farther from the nucleus.
Concerning their mass, protons and neutrons are approximately 1836 times more massive than electrons, indicating that they contribute much more significantly to the mass of an atom. The mass of a neutron is slightly greater than that of a proton, but still close enough that they are often considered to be roughly equal in mass within the context of atomic structure and atomic mass calculations.
Hence, among the options given, the correct comparison between a neutron and a proton would be option B: They have about the same mass.