Final answer:
The left atrium of the human heart is the chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, as part of the pulmonary circulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chamber of the human heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the left atrium. It is not the pulmonary artery; rather, the pulmonary arteries are responsible for carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. Once in the lungs, the blood exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen, and then the oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, entering the left atrium. The blood then moves to the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of the body. Understanding this process is part of the study of pulmonary circulation.