A set of beliefs about politics and society that helps people make sense of their world is called ideology.
Ideology is a word that derives from two Greek words: idea (ἰδέα) and -logy (-λογία). The word was born during the years following the French Revolution, and precisely in 1796 by Antoine Destutt de Tracy.
The terms had various connotations, both positive and negative, and today has a neutral connotation.