Final answer:
In digital photography, a camera uses a lens and a shutter that opens to expose the sensor to light for image capture. The aperture controls the amount of light, and together with shutter speed and ISO, it determines the exposure of the image. The technology behind this is a charge-coupled device (CCD) that converts light into electronic signals.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a digital camera produces an image by exposing an electronic sensor to light, the process involves a lens and a shutter that opens for a certain period of time. The shutter speed and the aperture are two of the three basic elements of photography that affect exposure. Together with ISO, which is a measure of the sensor's sensitivity to light, these components form the 'exposure triangle' that photographers use to create well-exposed images.
The aperture is the opening in the camera lens that can be adjusted to be larger or smaller, thus controlling the amount of light that passes through the lens to the sensor. Modern digital cameras use a charge-coupled device (CCD), which converts light signals into electronic signals. This technology has evolved from the original chemical processes of photography to the electronic imaging we use today.
Understanding shutter speed, aperture, and ISO is crucial for both auto and manual modes of a digital camera. In the auto mode, the camera automatically calculates and sets the optimal shutter speed and aperture to achieve the correct exposure, while in manual mode, the photographer can adjust these settings to control the final image's exposure.