The statement "quantity 4 times x squared times y squared plus 8 times x cubed times y to the fifth power all over 2 times x times y squared" can be expressed as:
(4x^2y^2 + 8x^3y^5) / 2xy^2
In simplifying this expression, the steps are:
1. Bring out the common factor of the numerator
4x^2y^2 (1+2xy^3) / 2xy^2
2. Cancel out the numerator and denominator
2x(1+2xy^3)
4. Expand again
2x + 4x^2y^3
This means that the exponents of a, b, c, d are:
a = 1
b = 0
c = 2
d = 3