Final answer:
Schools represent the formal microsystem where children are taught societal norms and values, primarily through the hidden curriculum and the role of teachers as role models. Family also plays a vital role in forming the microsystem by being the primary agents of socialization for young children.
Step-by-step explanation:
The microsystem in which children formally learn about their society is typically referred to as the school setting. This environment plays a critical role as an agent of socialization where children are introduced to the societal norms, values, and expectations. A significant aspect of this learning occurs through the hidden curriculum, which encompasses the informal education schools provide beyond academic knowledge. Teachers often serve as role models and leaders, using school and classroom rituals to reinforce cultural norms and values expected from children.
Furthermore, apart from the formal aspects of education, families also contribute significantly to the microsystem by being the primary agents of socialization for young children. This is where they learn the ways of thinking, behaving, and the basic cultural norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes that are essential in everyday practical living. Both these elements – formal education in schools and familial guidance – are crucial for the enculturation and socialization of children.