Question

A study of college graduates involves three variables: income level, job satisfaction, and one-way commute times to work. list some ways the variables might be confounded.

Answer 1

The variables might be confounded if one were to think that all three variables definitely are related, i.e., a rise in income level means job satisfaction or less one-way commute time. There can be other variables besides these three that's not part of study being tested.