Final answer:
In Anselm Kiefer's artwork Breaking of the Vessels, the broken glass symbolizes both the mystical shattering of divine vessels and the historical tragedy of Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, which marked a violent attack on Jewish communities by the Nazis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The installation Breaking of the Vessels by Anselm Kiefer is a powerful and complex work that integrates various symbolic elements. The broken glass in this artwork carries multiple layers of meaning. Primarily, it references the Jewish mystical concept of 'Shevirat HaKelim' (the shattering of the vessels), where divine light was too powerful to be contained and thus filled the world with both life and imperfections. Moreover, the broken glass evokes the historical events of Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, during which Nazis and their sympathizers ransacked and destroyed Jewish properties, symbolizing the shattered peace and security of Jewish communities in Nazi Germany.
In the context of Kiefer’s installation, piles of broken glass placed in front of the bookcase filled with lead books signify both a spiritual and historical devastation. The books, made of impenetrable lead, are meant to preserve Jewish culture and ancient mystical writings, while the glass signifies the fragility and destruction of that culture during the Holocaust. Kiefer used lead in his work as it carries the weight of human history, showcasing his perspective on the heavy burden of the past.