Question

Question 2 (1 point) Question 2 Unsaved

"In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today. I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction, will make allowance, all allowance, for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act. I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this government: "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat." We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind."

In this excerpt from Winston Churchill’s famous speech, “Blood, Toil, Sweat, and Tears,” which of the following is the BEST example of pathos?

Question 2 options:

“In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today.”


“I hope that any of my friends and colleagues…will make allowance, all allowance, for any lack of ceremony…”


“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.”


“We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.”

Question 3 (1 point) Question 3 Unsaved
“We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches…”

In this excerpt from Winston Churchill’s famous speech, “We Shall Fight on the Beaches,” what rhetorical device is being used to emphasize his point and expression emotion?

Question 3 options:

Aphorism


Anaphora


Metonymy


Hyperbole

Answer 1

Question 2

C. “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.”

Pathos in rhetoric is a persuasion strategy based on eliciting feelings in the audience, it is an appeal to their emotions. In this manner, the phrase, “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.” is the one that most sparks feelings in the audience through the use of vivid language. Other argumentative strategies worth mentioning are those based on character (ethos) and reason/logic (logos), thus the trio: logos, ethos and pathos.

Question 3
B. Anaphora
Anaphora is the purposeful repetition of the first sentence in a speech/text in order to captivate the audience, placing an emphasis on the idea you want to convey, notice how Churchill repeats "we shall" over and over again; we shall go, we shall fight, we shall defend etc.

Now, let's analyze each of the remaining literary devices: you can think of an aphorism as an insight, an observation that expresses a general principle or truth, a lot philosophers use this device, notably Nietzsche. A metonymy is a figure of speech that substitutes the name of something with the name of something else that is closely related, think of how we write out headlines: "England has decided to leave the EU", "England" is a close related substitute for "government", just like the "crown" is a replacement for "royal family", "cup" for "mug", etc. Lastly, a hyperbole is an over-exaggeration, ex: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.