How Plates Affect Our Planet: Structure of the Earth Imagine you could travel from one point on Earth straight through the center of the planet and out the other side. Your journey would be nearly 12,870 kilometers (8,000 miles). Along the way, you’d pass through all of Earth’s layers: crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the rocky surface of the Earth is a thin outer shell, much thinner than the other layers. The land that we see, or continental crust, is about 30 kilometers (19 miles) thick. The Earth's crust and the top part of the mantle are broken into ten large plates and many smaller ones. Most plates are made of both continental and oceanic crust. The crust floats on a thick layer of rock, almost 100 times thicker than continental crust called the mantle. The solid rock is not like the rock we know. Extreme heat makes it move in circles. It flows very, very slowly, but it is enough to cause the plates above it to move over long periods of time. The plates move about 8 centimeters (3 inches) per year. The core is made of a liquid metal outer core that flows around a solid metal inner core. The motion in the outer core creates a magnetic field around the Earth. It is the same field that makes a compass work! The core gives off incredible heat, which is one of the driving forces that causes the mantle to flow. Compare and contrast Earth’s mantle and crust. Cite evidence from the text and use at least 2 complete sentences.