The first thing we must do is to build the expression based on what we are told in the enunciation:
Jermaine has t subway tokens:
t
Karen has 4 more subway tokens than Jermaine
t + 4
Raul has 5 fewer subway tokens than Jermaine
t + 4 - 5 = t -1
the ratio of Karen's tokens to Raul's tokens
Ratio: (t + 4) / (t-1)
answer
Ratio: (t + 4) / (t-1)