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Breach of contract, fraud, illegality of a constract, and the discharge of an instrument by cancellation are all examples of

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these are all universal defenses in business law. 
User Drewjoh
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Answer: Personal defenses.

Step-by-step explanation:

Personal defenses are applied to elude payment to an ordinary holder of a negotiable instrument.

The discharge of an instrument is an action that releases a party from liability on negotiable instruments, and it can be done by payment of the instrument, by cancellation, and by impairment of the right of recourse.

Illegality refers to an instrument that has emerged from an illegal transaction.

A breach of contract is one of the most popular defenses and is effective only against an ordinary holder.

Ordinary fraud refers to the one found in the inducement.

User Wizzard
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