The correct answer is A)Darwinism.
More specifically, the social ills of citizens and their living conditions in the city refers to social darwinism. This is the idea that the concept of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest" could be taken from Charles Darwin's study of birds and applied to American society. In other words, the people who have the most financial success have the most favorable traits and characteristics. On the other hand, poor citizens are that way due to either laziness or lack of skill.