Question

The scientific study of the behavior of matter near 0 K is called _____.

A. cryogenics
B. kelvinomics
C. celciographics
D. absolute zero

Answer 1

The study of matter near 0 K is termed cryogenics, which involves temperatures where molecular motion virtually ceases, known as absolute zero.

Step-by-step explanation:

The scientific study of the behavior of matter near 0 K is called cryogenics. Absolute zero, or 0 K, is the theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion stops. Although absolute zero cannot be achieved, research in cryogenics continues to approach this limit, with the lowest recorded temperature being approximately 1 × 10-10 K at the Helsinki University of Technology in 2008. At absolute zero, a matter's entropy reaches its minimum value, but due to the third law of thermodynamics, it's impossible to reach this state through a finite number of steps.

Answer 2

Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in a substance.

Absolute zero is the point at which the fundamental particles of nature have minimal vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced particle motion.

By international agreement, absolute zero is defined as precisely; 0 K on the Kelvin scale, which is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale; and –273.15 degrees Celsius on the Celsius scale.

Absolute zero is also precisely equivalent to; 0 degrees R on the Rankine scale (also a thermodynamic temperature scale); and –459.67 degrees F on the Fahrenheit scale.

While scientists can not fully achieve a state of “zero” heat energy in a substance, they have made great advancements in achieving temperatures ever closer to absolute zero (where matter exhibits odd quantum effects).

In 1994, the NIST achieved a record cold temperature of 700 nK (billionths of a kelvin).

In 2003, researchers at MIT eclipsed this with a new record of 450 pK (0.45 nK).