Final answer:
Fructose and glucose bond together to form the disaccharide sucrose, known as table sugar, through a dehydration reaction forming a glycosidic bond.
Step-by-step explanation:
When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide, which means it is composed of two monosaccharide sugar units linked by a glycosidic bond. In the case of sucrose, the monosaccharide units are glucose and fructose.
The specific linkage between glucose and fructose in sucrose involves the condensation reaction, during which a water molecule is eliminated. The glycosidic bond forms between the anomeric carbon of glucose and the hydroxyl group on carbon 2 of fructose. This linkage is often referred to as an α,β-1,2-glycosidic bond.
Sucrose is commonly known as table sugar and is found naturally in plants, especially in sugarcane and sugar beets. It is a disaccharide with the molecular formula C12H22O11. When ingested, sucrose is broken down into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose, and fructose, by enzymes in the digestive system.
The sweetness of sucrose makes it a widely used sweetener in the food industry and households. The process of photosynthesis in plants is responsible for the production of glucose and fructose, which can then combine to form sucrose for storage and transport of energy within the plant.