Answer is 5. Lamarck.
The Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics is put forward by Lamarck to explain evolution . According to his theory, if an organism acquires (changes) during life in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. He said that change is made by what the organisms want or need.
For example, giraffes stretched their necks to reach food. Their offspring and later generations inherited the resulting long necks.