The governments of most Italian city - states were republics. Option B is correct.
During the Renaissance, Italy was made up of city-states, small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian Peninsula. Each with its own ruler, such as the Pope in Rome, the Medici family in Florence, the Doge in Venice, the Sforza family in Milan, the Este family in Ferrara, and the like.
Among the earliest city-states of Italy was the Duchy of Naples.