Answer:
None of the above
Step-by-step explanation:
In theory the continent has no government and no permanent inhabitants. In practice, seven countries claim part of the site (see below), but this dispute is suspended until 2040 by the Antarctic Treaty, which states that it is a neutral territory devoted solely to scientific research and prohibits the installation of military bases, exploitation of natural resources and weapons testing, among other uses. This document was signed in 1959 during the Cold War (ie a peace treaty in a time of tension) and entered into force in 1961. More than 50 nations joined the treaty.
The continent has some claimed areas by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, the United Kingdom, Norway and New Zealand. The slices claimed by Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom overlap in some parts. In addition, under the Antarctic Treaty, the US and Russia have the right to claim territory if they wish. But by 2040, the continent is a neutral land dedicated to science.
There are now about 70 on-site research stations operated by 29 countries. To study in Antarctica, it is necessary not only to abide by the Antarctic Treaty but also the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection, which came into force in 1991. It prohibits violent clashes, radioactive waste activities, fights over territory and any act that represents risk to wildlife
Until 2040, the year in which the treaty is to be revised, any exploitation of natural resources such as minerals and oil extraction is prohibited. This discussion is likely to become more controversial in the future: in addition to having oil underground, Antarctica also has a large reserve of freshwater - a resource that is becoming increasingly precious.