Answer : the correct answer is " Surplus of food ".
Step-by-step explanation
A civilization by def is any complex society characterized by urban development," when we say urban development we mean having cities built ", social structure imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication like writing system and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.
Civilizations are intimately associated with and defined by other social and politico-economic characteristics, including centralization, the domestication of both humans and other organisms, specialization of labour, cultural ideologies of progress and supremacism, monumental architecture, taxation, societal dependence upon farming and expansionism.