Final answer:
The genetic information determining physical traits like eye color and height is found in an organism's DNA, specifically in structures called genes. These genes are inherited from both parents and their expression as observable traits is known as the phenotype. The genotype and environment interact to influence the resulting characteristics of the individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genetic information responsible for physical characteristics, such as eye color, height, hair color, and skin color, can be found in an organism's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes, and specific segments within this DNA known as genes are responsible for various traits. Each gene may exist in different versions referred to as alleles, which determine the variety in these characteristics seen among individuals. In a process called inheritance, genes containing specific alleles are passed from parents to offspring through the reproductive cells, the egg and the sperm.
When the egg and sperm unite, they form a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes, ensuring that the offspring receive genetic material from both parents. This combination of alleles from both parents creates the individual's unique genotype, which is their genetic makeup, and the observable expression of these genes in the individual's traits or characteristics is known as their phenotype.
The interaction between an organism's genotype and the environment in which it develops will influence the presentation of its phenotype. Therefore, characteristics such as height and skin color are affected both by genetic information and environmental factors.