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Describe the biological tradition and the psychological tradition, include a discussion of psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory, and the behavioral model

User Hath
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Answer and Explanation:

The psychological disorder consists of three components:

1. Psychological dysfunction

Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

2. Personal distress

Being extremely upset (caution – sometimes it is normal to be extremely upset)

3. Atypical or not culturally expected behavior

Social norms and their possible misuse

The Biological Tradition

• Hippocrates: Mental illness caused by brain pathology, head trauma, heredity

• Galen: Humeral theory of disorders (blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm)

• Pasteur’s germ theory of disease: Mental illness can be caused by a bacterial infection (syphilis)

• John P. Grey: Insanity is always due to physical causes, and patients who have a mental illness should be treated as physically ill.

• Focus on diagnosis: Search for biological causes and classification

• Therapy: Undiscovered psychopathology – reduced interest in treating patients

• Insulin shock therapy: Electroconvulsive therapy

ECT and Chemical drugs

The Psychological Tradition

• Mesmerism – ancestor of hypnosis, using unconscious processes in therapy

• Catharsis – rapid and sudden release of emotional tension

• Structure of the mind (id, ego, superego)

• Defense mechanisms (coping styles in response to particular situations, e.g., displacement, denial, projection, rationalization, sublimation)

• Humanistic Theory

Self-actualizing – we need the freedom to grow in order to reach our highest potential

Maslow (hierarchy of needs)-Person-centered therapy (Rogers) – unconditional positive regard and empathy

• Behaviorist Theory

Classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)

Little Albert (Watson)

Systematic desensitization (Joseph Wolpe)

Behavior therapy (conditioning and reward)

User BellmanEqn
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