Answer:
Explanation:
Introduction:
Mixtures are not unique to chemistry; we encounter them on a daily basis. The food and drinks
we consume, the fuel we use in our vehicles, building materials, soil, air, and ordinary water are
all mixtures. In fact, very few common materials in the world are pure. Any material made up
of two or more substances that are not chemically combined is a mixture. It is not difficult to
separate the components of a mixture if you take advantage of differences in physical properties
of the components.
1. Sublimation. Some substances change directly from a solid to a gas when they
are heated. The reverse process, when the vapor goes back to the solid phase
without a liquid state in between, is called deposition. Some solids which sublime
are iodine, caffeine, and paradichlorobenzene (mothballs). Dry ice sublimes also.
2 Extraction. This uses a solvent to selectively dissolve one component of the
solid mixture. With this technique, a soluble substance can be separated from an
insoluble substance.
3. Decantation. This separates a liquid from insoluble solid sediment by carefully
pouring the liquid from the solid without disturbing the solid.
4. Filtration. This separates a solid from a liquid through the use of a porous
material as a filter. Paper, charcoal, or sand can serve as a filter. These materials
trap the solid but let the liquid pass through (see diagram in Procedure section).
5. Evaporation. This is the process of heating a mixture in order to remove a
liquid that evaporates easily, leaving a dry residue.