Question

Which of the following molecules or ions is polar? (20 POINTS)

Answer 1

The molecules SH, OH, PC1, CH, NH, and CN contain polar bonds, while SC1, SO, PO, and NN have nonpolar bonds.

Step-by-step explanation:

(c) SH or OH: The molecule SH (Hydrogen sulfide) is polar because it has a bent shape and an electronegativity difference between sulfur and hydrogen, resulting in an uneven distribution of charge. The molecule OH (Hydroxide ion) is also polar due to its bent shape and the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.

(d) PC1 or SC1: The molecule PC1 (Phosphorus chloride) is polar because of the electronegativity difference between phosphorus and chlorine, causing an uneven charge distribution. SC1 (Sulfur chloride) is nonpolar because it has a symmetrical structure with no significant electronegativity difference.

(e) CH or NH: The molecule CH (Methane) is nonpolar because it has a symmetrical tetrahedral structure with no electronegativity difference. NH (Ammonium ion) is polar due to its pyramidal shape and the electronegativity difference between nitrogen and hydrogen.

(f) SO or PO: Both SO (Sulfur monoxide) and PO (Phosphorus monoxide) are nonpolar because they have a symmetrical linear structure with no significant electronegativity difference.

(g) CN or NN: CN (Cyanide ion) is polar because of its linear structure and the electronegativity difference between carbon and nitrogen. NN (Dinitrogen molecule) is nonpolar because it has a symmetrical linear structure with no significant electronegativity difference.

Answer 2

For NO3- molecule(fig.1)

1. Bonds are created between elements with different electronegativity, most bonds would be polar. Bonds in NO3 are polar.

2. In the geometry of the molecule bond polarities cancel out each other (since it is a vector) so NO3- ion molecule is non polar

3. Nitrate (NO3-)ion geometry would be trigonal planar

For CCl4 molecule(fig.2)

1. Bonds are created between elements with different electronegativity, most bonds would be polar. Bonds in CCl4 are polar.

2. It is a completely symmetrical molecule.

3.Carbon is the centre of CCl4 have four covalent bonds and it has no lone pairs. They are all equidistant the C-Cl bond polarities cancel out. So CCl4 molecule is non polar

For NH3 molecule(fig.3)

1. Bonds are created between elements with different electronegativity, most bonds would be polar. Bonds in NH3 molecule are polar.

2. it has a pyramidal structure.

3. the individual N-H bond dipoles don't cancel out. This dipole moment for the molecule indicates that NH3 is a polar molecule

For SF6 molecule(fig.4)

1.F is more electronegative than S. So the bonds are polar.

2. The symmetry of the molecule is symmetrical so that the dipole moments of bonds cancel correspond so the molecule is non-polar.

3. it has octahedral structure