Question

A claim is

the closing point of any argument.
the starting point for any argument.
the supporting details in an argument.
the citations available for an argument.

Answer 1

I would definitely say that a claim is

the starting point for any argument

because if somebody doesn't have any proof or evidence of his or her case, if they just assert that situation is true or right, that's just going to upset the person who is talking with you, which, most of the time, leads to an argument.

Answer 2

A claim is the starting point in an argument. It is basically the main idea of your argument.