Final answer:
Low levels of cortisol are associated with low arousal levels, which can impact performance negatively. The optimal arousal level varies and is influenced by the complexity of the task, as explained by the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Step-by-step explanation:
Low levels of cortisol are linked with low levels of arousal. The optimal arousal level for performance on a task varies according to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which suggests that moderate arousal levels lead to the best performance. Low arousal can be equated to boredom and apathy, potentially leading to poor academic or athletic performance.
Conversely, extremely high arousal levels can result in anxiety, which can also hinder performance. The optimal level of arousal is thus one that is neither too high nor too low and depends on the complexity of the task at hand. For example, high levels of arousal may enhance performance on simple tasks, while complex tasks may be better performed under lower arousal levels.